HV 

8808 


UC-NRLF 


GIFT 
1 


STANDARD  PLANS 


FOR 


SMALL  JAILS 


Prepared  by 

EARL    H.    MARKWART 

for  the 

State  Board  of  Charities  and  Corrections 

995  Market  Street,  SaiT Francisco 


1917 


RA* 
OF  THE 

UNIVERSITY 
OF 

Rtf> 


31679 


CALIFORNIA   STATE  PRINTING  OFFICE 

SACRAMENTO 

1917 


*0 


DESIGN  FOR  SMALL  JAILS. 

In  buildings  occupied  by  public  institutions  several  points  are  to  be 
considered,  namely : 

Ample  air  space  for  each  occupant. 
Sufficient  ventilation. 
Sanitary  conveniences. 

In  the  planning  of  jail  buildings,  the  security  of  the  prisoners  is  an 
added  consideration. 

The  accompanying  is  an  illustration  in  which  all  of  the  above  points 

have  been  carefully  considered.     In  what  follows,  these  points,  with  a 

iption  of  the  various  materials,  their  kind  and  quantity,  will  be 

taken  up  in  rotation,  together  with  other  things  to  be  considered  in  the 

planning  of  small  jail  buildings. 

LOCATION  :  The  location  chosen  should  be  on  high,  well-drained  land, 
easily  accessible  and  adjacent  to  a  sewer  and  water  supply. 

SIZE  OF  BUILDING:  Seven  hundred  and  fifty  cubic  feet  of  air  space 
has  been  allowed  for  each  one  of  the  eight  inmates.  This  gives  a 
building  whose  inside  dimensions  are  22  feet  by  22  feet  and  12  feet 
in  height  at  the  low  point  of  the  roof. 

DIVISION  IN  BUILDING  :  The  building  has  been  divided  into  two  main 
compartments  for  the  prisoners  and  a  smaller  compartment  for  the  use 
of  the  jailer.     In  the  prisoner's  room,  a  small  portion  has  been  partj^ 
tioned  off  for  the  sanitary  fixtures. 

MATERIALS  OF  CONSTRUCTION:  Concrete  has  been  chosen  as  the  best 
material  for  the  construction  of  such  buildings,  as  it  has  great  dura- 
bility, is  hard,  low  in  cost,  and  the  finished  product  offers  small  chance 
for  the  propagation  of  vermin^  The  entire  inside  of  the  building  may 
be  washed  by  means  of  a  hose  or  disinfected  by  gas  without  damaging 
the  building  in  any  way.  Its  hardness  and  the  smoothness  of  the  walls 
offer  the  most  resistance  to  efforts  at  escape  by  the  prisoners. 

The  amount  of  concrete  involved  in  the  construction  of  the  building 
is  approximately  fifty-two  (52)  cubic  yards,  which  should  consist  of 
one  (1)  part  of  Portland  cement,  tested  to  conform  to  the  requirements 
of  the  American  Society  of  Testing  Materials  for  Portland  cement, 
two  (2)  parts  of  clean  fresh  water  sand  and  four  (4)  parts  of  rock 
crushed  to  sizes  varied  from  one-quarter  ( J)  in  the  smallest  dimensions 
to  three-quarters  (})  in  the  largest  dimension.  Screened  fresh  water 
gravel  may  be  used  if  same  is  hard  and  free  from  clay  and  debris. 

The  floor  slab  is  three  (3)  inches  thick,  finished  with  one-half  (-J) 
inch  of  one  (1)  part  of  Portland  cement  to  two  and  one-half  (2|)  parts 
of  screened  gravel  in  sizes  varying  from  sand  to  one-quarter  (J)  of  an 

2—31679 

380630 


inch.     There  is  about  four  hundred  and  eighty-five  (485)  square  feet 
of  this  finish. 

The  walls  are  in  the  main  six  (6)  inches  thick  with  the  necessary 
increased  thickness,  wrhere  shown  on  the  plans,  for  architectural  and 
constructional  purposes.  These  walls  may  be  left  either  in  the  rough 
or  finished  in  various  ways  according  to  the  desires  of  the  township 
officials.  The  outside  faces  may  be  bush  hammered,  plastered  or 
painted,  while  the  best  finish  for  the  inside  is  plaster.  All  plaster 
should  be  cement  plaster,  not  less  than  three-eighths  (J)  of  an  inch 
thick,  composed  of  one  (1)  part  of  Portland  cement  to  two  and  one-half 
(2-J)  parts  of  fresh  water  sand  applied  in  one  (1)  coat.  If  it  is  desired 
to  paint  the  walls,  the  best  paint  to  use  is  one  of  the  standard  brands 
of  cement  paint,  obtainable  in  any  color.  The  building  contains 
approximately  two  hundred  and  seventy-five  (275)  square  yards  outside 
and  inside  requiring  plastering  or  painting. 

The  roof  is  three  (3)  inches  thick,  supported  on  the  side  walls  and 
two  (2)  concrete  beams  as  shown.  The  top  surface  of  the  roof  is 
finished  smooth  to  receive  the  roofing.  This  roofing  should  be  three  (3) 
or  four  (4)  plys  of  fourteen  (14)  pound  saturated  felt,  well  moped  to 
the  concrete  and  to  each  other,  with  hot  asphaltum.  The  top  ply 
should  be  flooded  with  hot  asphalt,  and  while  the  asphaltum  is  still  soft, 
gravel  should  be  embedded  therein,  using  as  much  gravel  as  the  asphalt 
will  hold.  There  are  approximately  five  (5)  squares  of  roofing.  The 
roof  should  drain  to  the  four  corners  and  through  the  walls  direct  on 
the  ground. 

In  portions  of  the  state  that  have  exceedingly  hot  summers  a  false 
roof  of  wood  can  be  built  over  this  roof  to  form  a  ventilating  space. 
Such  a  covering  should  be  kept  off  of  the  main  roof  as  far  as  possible 
and  be  constructed  of  one  (1)  inch  by  six  (6)  inch  boards  laid  with  a 
one-half  (-J)  inch  space  between  to  allow  the  water  to  drain  on  the  main 
roof.  These  boards  can  be  supported  by  two  (2)  inch  by  six  (6)  inch 
joists  which  in  turn  are  supported  on  plates  and  studs  as  shown  in 
the  drawing. 

REINFORCING  :  The  concrete  in  the  walls  and  roof  are  reinforced  with 
steel  bars  of  size  and  spacing  shown  on  the  plans.  This  reinforcing 
steel  should  be  tested  to  the  requirements  of  the  American  Society  of 
Testing  Materials  standards  for  reinforcing  steel  and  should  be 
deformed  bars  unless  otherwise  noted.  The  building  requires  approxi- 
mately thirty-six  hundred  (3,600)  pounds  of  reinforcing  l.ars  of 
various  sizes. 

FORMS:  The  forms  for  the  walls  and  roof  slab  should  bo  made  of 
one  (1)  inch  material  surfaced  on  one  (1)  side  and  two  (2)  edges 


—  5  — 

properly  held  and  braced  in  place  with  two  (2)  inch  by  four  (4)  inch 
supports  and  should  be  well  aligned  and  to  the  required  dimensions. 
Before  pouring  the  concrete,  all  shavings  and  other  debris  must  be 
removed  and  the  forms  well  soaked  with  water  in  order  to  close  the 
cracks  as  much  as  possible.  No  large  cracks  must  occur  to  allow  the 
escape  of  the  finer  portions  of  the  concrete  aggregate.  The  area  of 
forms  is  about  four  thousand  one  hundred  and  fifty  (4.150)  square  feet 
of  concrete  contact. 

WINDOWS:  In  order  that  sufficient  ventilation  may  be  had,  ten  (10) 
openings  of  seven  and  one-half  (7^)  square  feet  area  are  provided  with 
two  (2)  openings  in  the  walls  of  the  jailer's  room  to  provide  circulation. 
All  openings  are  provided  with  a  grill  made  up  of  five-eighths  (f )  inch 
round  bars. placed  about  six  (6)  inches  on  centers  and  tied  together 
top  and  bottom  with  a  one  and  one-half  (1-|)  by  three-eighths  (f )  inch 
flat  iron.  The  projecting  ends  of  the  bars  are  embedded  in  the  concrete 
not  less  than  six  (6)  inches  and  meshed  with  the  wall  reinforcing  steel 
in  the  manner  shown  on  the  large  detail.  Outside  of  these  bars  screens 
are  placed  to  prevent  the  entrance  of  guns,  etc.,  mosquitoes  and  other 
insects.  The  screens  should  be  made  of  copper  or  should  be  galvanized 
and  painted  in  order  to  increase  their  life.  Outside  of  the  screens  are 
the  window  sash  themselves.  These  should  be  made  of  sugar  pine, 
one  and  one-quarter  (1^)  inches  thick,  of  the  sizes  shown,  and  glazed 
with  sixteen  ',16')  ounce  sheet  glass.  The  frames  for  the  sash  should 
be  of  pine  and  provided  with  stops  and  weight  pockets  so  that  the  sash 
may  be  raised  and  lowered  at  will.  It  is  intended  to  operate  the  sash 
from  the  outside  of  the  building  by  means  of  a  window  pole.  The 
window  openings  are  to  be  placed  above  the  height  of  a  man's  head  to 
prevent  the  curious  from  looking  in  and  also  to  prevent  the  inmates 
from  talking  with  people  on  the  outside.  In  order  to  prevent  the 
inmates  from  getting  a  hold  on  the  sill  and  raising  themselves  to  the 
opening,  the  inside  sills  are  sloped  downward  at  a  sharp  angle.  The 
two  i.' 2)  openings  into  the  jailer's  room  have  no  sash  or  screens. 

ALL  DOORS :  Two  (2)  jail  doors  are  required.  These  doors  are 
two  (2)  feet  six  (6)  inches  wide  by  six  (6)  feet  eight  (8)  inches  high 
and  should  have  a  six  (6)  inch  channel  frame  fitting  into  the  concrete 
walls.  The  doors  themselves  should  be  made  of  three-sixteenths  (T3W) 
inch  steel  plate  with  a  large  grating  at  the  top  and  a  small  one  at  the 
bottom.  The  locks  can  be  any  one  of  the  standard  locks  of  the  spring 
latch  type  so  that  they  will  lock  upon  closing  the  doors. 

ACCOMMODATIONS  FOR  THE  PRISONERS:  The  bunks  recommended  are 
those  constructed  of  two  (2)  inch  iron  pipe  with  canvas  strapped  in 
between  the  horizontal  runs.  This  type  of  bunk  can  be  easily  cleaned 


and  prevents  the  development  of  vermin  and  filth.  The  vertical  stand- 
ard should  run  from  the  floor  to  the  ceiling  and  be  fastened  to  both. 
Since  the  bunks  must  be  double,  one  of  the  runs  is  placed  two  (2)  feet 
six  (6)  inches  from  the  floor  and  the  other  about  six  (6)  feet  from  the 
floor. 

Seats  must  be  provided,  but  should  be  fixed  to  the  walls  or  floor. 
These,  two  (2)  in  number,  may  be  of  wood,  eighteen  (18)  inches  wide 
and  (6)  feet  long.  A  fixed  shelf  is  provided,  placed  breast  high  to  act 
as  a  table. 

SANITARY  REQUIREMENTS:  Three  (3)  fixtures  are  provided  for  each 
room :  toilet,  wash  sink  and  show7er.  The  toilets  should  be  a  good, 
durable  fixture  of  the  syphon  jet  type  with  a  large  throat,  but  no  wood 
seat  should  be  allowed.  The  tank  for  this  fixture  is  placed  in  the 
jailer's  room  with  the  flushing  lever  projecting  through  the  wall,  in 
order  to  prevent  prisoners  from  securing  the  metal  parts  and  also  that 
the  fixture  may  be  flushed  from  the  outside.  The  sink  is  of  the  slop 
sink  type,  about  twelve  (12)  inches  by  twenty  (20)  inches  and  fifteen 
(15)  inches  deep.  This  is  necessary  in  order  that  the  inmates  may  wash 
their  clothes  as  well  as  their  hands  and  faces.  A  shower  is  provided  for 
bathing  and  should  be  placed  above  the  reach  so  as  not  to  be  torn  off. 
The  floor  sump  should  be  placed  under  the  shower  and  the  whole  floor 
sloped  so  as  to  drain  into  this.  The  shower  valves  should  have  only 
the  spindle  projecting  into  the  room,  but  the  bibb  on  the  sink  must  be 
such  that  a  hose  can  be  fastened  thereto  for  washing  out  the  room. 
All  of  the  above  fixtures  should  be  connected  to  the  sewer  and  properly 
trapped  and  inspected. 

The  portion  of  the  room  containing  the  fixtures  is  partitioned  off  from 
the  balance  of  the  room  by  a  screen.  This  screen  may  be  of  wood  or 
metal  and  should  be  about  six  (6)  feet  in  height  and  must  be  one  (1) 
inch  off  the  floor  in  order  that  the  water  may  drain  under.  If  of  wood, 
one  (1)  inch  tongue  and  groove  pine,  surfaced  on  both  sides  and  pro- 
vided with  a  top  and  bottom  rail,  is  all  that  is  required.  If  of  metal, 
the  plate  should  be  about  one-eighth  (-J)  inch  thick  secured  in  place  by 
a  pipe  or  channel  frame. 

JAILER 's  ROOM  :  Provide  a  cabinet  on  each  side  of  the  room  with 
shelves,  drawers,  and  glass  paneled  doors.  In  one  of  the  cabinets  a 
desk  should  be  built  in  for  writing  purposes. 

The  main  entrance  door  is  of  wood  two  (2)  inches  thick,  and  pro- 
vided with  a  good  type  of  cylinder  lock,  heavy  hinge,  and  a  transom  for 
light  and  ventilation.  The  transom  is  provided  with  an  operator  on 
the  inside.  Over  the  front  door  a  wood  canopy  can  be  provided  if 
desirable  for  architectural  reasons. 

ARTIFICIAL  LIGHTING:  One  (1)  fixture  of  one  hundred  (100)  watts  is 
provided  in  each  room.  In  the  cells  these  outlets  should  be  placed  in 


—  7  — 

the  ceiling  out  of  reach  of  the  inmates  standing  on  the  bunk,  the  socket 
being  buried  in  the  concrete,  and  heavy  wire  screen  guards  placed 
around  the  globes.  The  lights  are  operated  from  the  jailer's  room.  The 
light  in  the  jailer's  room  may  be  suspended  by  a  cord  and  should  be 
provided  with  a  screen  guard  and  a  separate  switch  near  the  entrance 
door. 

PAINTING:  lu  addition  to  the  painting  previously  mentioned,  all 
woodwork  must  have  three  coats  of  pure  lead  and  linseed  oil,  colored  as 
desired.  The  color  best  for  the  inside  of  the  jail  rooms  is  a  light  gray. 
The  front  of  the  building  can  be  treated  in  any  manner  desired  for 
architectural  purposes,  but  no  openings  other  than  the  door  should  be 
placed  in  this  face. 

HEATING  :  Provisions  for  heating  of  the  building  must  be  made.  The 
heating  can  be  accomplished  by  the  use  of  gas  or  a  stove.  The  former 
is  the  best,  but  the  control  should  be  placed  in  the  jailer's  room  and 
the  grate  should  be  of  cast  iron,  built  into  the  walls  and  well  vented, 
with  no  loose  parts  that  may  be  taken  off  and  used  as  a  means  of  escape 
or  attack  on  the  jailer. 

If  a  stove  is  used,  this  should  be  a  sheet  iron  stove  without  heavy 
parts,  and  should  be  riveted  together.  The  top  should  be  nondetachable 
and  the  pipe  rigidly  fastened  to  the  walls  of  the  building.  Where  the 
pipe  passes  through  the  roof,  a  terra  cotta  flue  should  be  provided  of 
sufficient  length  to  be  well  above  the  composition  roof,  and  must  have  a 
spark-destroying  top. 

With  the  use  of  gas.  only  one  stove  is  necessary.  This  can  be  placed 
in  an  opening  in  the  division  wall  common  to  both  rooms.  In  case  of  a 
stove,  two  will  be  necessary,  one  in  each  room. 


—  8  — 


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14  DAY  USE 

RETURN  TO  DESK  FROM  WHICH  BORROWED 

LOAN  DEPT. 

This  book  is  due  on  the  last  date  stamped  below,  or 
on  the  date  to  which  renewed. 


Renewed  books  are  subject  to  immediate  recall. 
A      f  £O  nil 

24Apr62RH 

•''-=•0  L  p 

***'    *»" 

<**U£ 

284j 

I>  w  A^,L) 

MAY  1  P  1963 

MAR  1  8  1997 

LD  21A-50m-3,'62 
(C7097slO)476B 


General  Library 

University  of  California 

Berkeley 


